The aim of this paper is to examine actor and partner effects of self-reported five-factor personality traits on different mate poaching behaviors in order to establish short-term sexual relations. The data were processed by using the "Actor-Partner Interaction Model" (APIM). 187 heterosexual romantic couples participated in this study. Self-reported personality traits have been found to predict some aspects of mate poaching behavior. The men who declared themselves as more agreeable and conscientious reported fewer attempts to short term sexual relations. In addition, lower self-reports of agreeableness led to more attempts to start a short-term sexual relationship in a woman. The men who rated themselves lower on agreeableness and men who rated themselves higher on neuroticism reported more frequent attempts to poach someone’s partner. When it comes to the success of poaching, it was found that high self-reported extraversion was related to the higher belief they would be successful in mate poaching attempts, in man and woman. On the other hand, higher agreeableness was related to the belief of less success in mate poaching, regardless of gender. Furthermore, higher scores on openness were significantly connected to a higher estimation of a woman’s own potential success in poaching. Men and women who scored highly on agreeableness reported less being of targets of poaching. On the other hand, the highly neurotic men reported more often of being targets of poaching. Significant partner effects of personality traits on being the target of poaching show that women whose partners scored higher on agreeableness reported to be less frequently the victims of mate poaching while a woman whose partners scored higher on neuroticism reported being more frequently victims of mate poaching. Lastly, targets of poaching more likely were the highly extraverted and highly open women and lower agreeable men. In addition, the woman whose partners scored higher on agreeableness reported being less of targets of poaching, while the man whose partners scored higher on agreeableness reported being more of targets of poaching. Also, highly neurotic man partners reported more frequently being targets of poaching.