Title Anticipativno gledanje kao bihevioralna mjera teorije uma
Title (english) Anticipatory looking as a behavioral measure of theory of mind
Author Petra Šarić
Mentor Ljerka Ostojić (mentor)
Mentor Edward Legg (komentor)
Committee member Igor Bajšanski (predsjednik povjerenstva)
Committee member Tamara Martinac Dorčić (član povjerenstva)
Committee member Valnea Žauhar (član povjerenstva)
Granter University of Rijeka Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences (Department of Psychology) Rijeka
Defense date and country 2024-09-24, Croatia
Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline SOCIAL SCIENCES Psychology
Abstract Pred skoro dva desetljeća u istraživanjima je započeta primjena neverbalnih mjera za testiranje teorije uma. Iz jedne od najčešće korištenih neverbalnih paradigmi, zadatka anticipativnog gledanja, proizašao je niz dokaza da dojenčad, djeca i odrasle osobe posjeduju sposobnost spontanog predviđanja radnji osobe na temelju njezinih ciljeva i epistemičkog statusa. Iako su takvi nalazi transformirali teoretski okvir teorije uma, niz nedavnih istraživanja ukazalo je na neuspjeh pri replikaciji rezultata koji sugeriraju postojanje spontane teorije uma u dojenčadi, mlađe djece i odraslih osoba. Navedena spoznaja dovela je u pitanje točnost teorijskih postavki o spontanoj teoriji uma, kao i prikladnost neverbalnih paradigmi korištenih za ispitivanje teorije uma, osobito anticipativnog gledanja. Stoga se, u ovome istraživanju, nastalom u sklopu ManyBabies 2 kolaboracije, pokušalo replicirati nalaz koji ukazuje na prikladnost paradigme anticipativnog gledanja za izazivanje i mjerenje spontane anticipacije radnji prikazanog lika na temelju njegova cilja, što je ispitano tijekom familijarizacije koja prethodi glavnoj eksperimentalnoj manipulaciji. Nadalje, u glavnoj eksperimentalnoj manipulaciji, pokušalo se ispitati iskazuju li odrasle osobe, u paradigmi anticipativnog gledanja, spontanu anticipaciju radnji na temelju najjednostavnijeg oblika epistemičkog statusa - znanja i neznanja. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 32 ispitanika te su praćeni njihovi pokreti očiju pomoću eye-trackera tijekom promatranja videozapisa u kojemu je prikazana interakcija dva animirana lika. Rezultati istraživanja potvrdili su nalaz da je paradigma anticipativnog gledanja prikladna za izazivanje anticipacije radnji na temelju cilja. Naspram tome, nije potvrđena hipoteza da će odrasle osobe uzeti u obzir epistemički status prikazanog lika prilikom anticipacije njegovih radnji. Ovi rezultati dovode u pitanje prikladnost paradigme anticipativnog gledanja za ispitivanje spontane anticipacije radnji na temelju epistemičkog statusa, međutim zbog male veličine uzorka ispitanika ograničena je mogućnost donošenja zaključaka. Stoga, za potpunije razumijevanje prikladnosti paradigme anticipativnog gledanja nužno je uzeti u obzir nalaze dobivene cjelokupnim ManyBabies 2 istraživanjem. Također, buduća istraživanja trebala bi se u većoj mjeri usredotočiti na ispitivanje psihometrijskih karakteristika neverbalnih mjera teorije uma, kao i na rješavanje konceptualnih problema povezanih s isključivanjem ispitanika iz analize na temelju izvedbe u pokušaju familijarizacije.
Abstract (english) Nearly two decades ago, research began incorporating non-verbal measures to test theory of mind. One of the most commonly used nonverbal paradigms, the anticipatory looking task, provided substantial evidence that infants, children, and adults can spontaneously anticipate an agent’s actions based on their goals and epistemic status. While findings like these have significantly shaped the theoretical framework of theory of mind, a series of recent studies failed to replicate results suggesting the existence of spontaneous theory of mind in infants, young children, and adults. These replication failures have raised concerns about the accuracy of the theoretical assumptions about spontaneous theory of mind, as well as the suitability of the non-verbal paradigms used to investigate theory of mind, particularly anticipatory looking. This study, conducted as part of the ManyBabies 2 collaboration, aimed to replicate the finding that anticipatory looking paradigm is suitable for eliciting and measuring spontaneous goal-based action anticipation, which is tested in a familiarisation phase that precedes the main experimental manipulation. Additionally, with the main experimental manipulation, the study aimed to investigate whether adults in the anticipatory looking paradigm demonstrate spontaneous anticipation of an agent’s actions based on the simplest form of epistemic state- knowledge and ignorance. The study included 32 participants whose eye movements were recorded using an eye-tracker as they watched a video featuring an interaction between two animated agents. The results suggest that the anticipatory looking paradigm is adequate for assessing goal-based action anticipation. However, the data were not in line with the hypothesis that adults consider the epistemic state of an agent when anticipating their actions. These results call into question the appropriateness of the anticipatory looking paradigm for eliciting and measuring epistemic status-based action anticipation. Nevertheless, due to the small sample size, one cannot draw firm conclusions, and it will be necessary to consider the findings from the entire ManyBabies 2 study. Additionally, future research should focus more on examining the psychometric properties of nonverbal measures of theory of mind, as well as addressing conceptual issues that arise when participants’ data are excluded from the main analysis based on their performance during familiarization trials.
Keywords
teorija uma
socijalna kognicija
neverbalne mjere
paradigma anticipativnog gledanja
Keywords (english)
theory of mind
social cognition
nonverbal measures
anticipatory looking paradigm
Language croatian
URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:186:524644
Study programme Title: Psychology Study programme type: university Study level: graduate Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a magistar/magistra psihologije (sveučilišni/a magistar/magistra psihologije)
Type of resource Text
File origin Born digital
Access conditions Open access
Terms of use
Created on 2024-09-12 17:35:58