Teaching methods are one of the fundamental issues of didactics. Although many didacticists describe them, they still do not agree on the division of methods into traditional and modern ones. However, some features make modern methods different from traditional ones. In modern methods, the student becomes the center of the teaching process and is expected to actively participate. The paradigm of active learning thus becomes the basis of modern teaching methods. It implies that the student comes to knowledge independently, through research, discovery, and conclusion. The teacher represents support on that path and is no longer the primary source of knowledge and information. This paper describes the circumstances that lead to the emergence of modern teaching methods and describes the active learning of students, which forms the basis for modern teaching methods. Then the selected strategies, methods, and techniques are described and how they can be implemented in teaching. The methods that are most often used in practice are described, namely: discussion method, brainstorming, project method, student lecture, flipped classroom, cooperative learning, experiment, quiz, game method, etc. In the end, the advantages and disadvantages of modern teaching methods are listed. method. Finally, the paper concludes that modern teaching methods greatly change teaching for the benefit of students and expect them to be more active and that the best teaching process is one that combines traditional and modern methods that adapt to the situation.