Adolescence is a time of life characterised by greater susceptibility to development of the feeling of depression. Its occurrence is often connected to the temperament and emotion regulation of a person, but also to characteristics of their parents emotion regulation. The goal of this research was to examine the correlation and gender differences in depression, temperament and emotion regulation of adolescents, mediating effects of adolescent emotion regulation in the relationship of adolescent temperament and depression and, also, the moderating role of adolescent emotion regulation in the parent emotion regulation and adolescent depressive simptomatology relationship. Sample in this study consisted of 317 students aged 15-19 and 158 parents aged 35-58. Each parent was paired up with their child. Data was collected via Regulating emotions in parenting scale (REPS), Cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (CERQ-short), DASS subscale of depression and BIS/BAS behavioral inhibition system subscale. Results of this study show that adolescent girls experience more depressive simptoms, that they have more sensitive behavioral-inhibition system (BIS) and use more maladaptive emotion regulation strategies than male adolescents. Also, results show that higher levels of depression correlate with more common use of maladaptive emotion regulation strategies and higher sensitivity of BIS. More frequent use of maladaptive emotion regulation strategies correlated with higher BIS sensitivity. Maladaptive emotion regulation strategies were shown to be a significant mediator in the adolescent temperament and depression relationship. The mediating effect is only partial, which implies that other factors are at play in this relationship. Adolescent emotion regulation wasn't shown to be a significant moderator in parent emotion regulation and adolescent depression relationship. It seems that adolescence is a period of searching for support and learning opportunities outside of the family context and relying on external sources of support and information. Results of this study have significant implications for education of adolescents and their parents on the topic of adaptive emotion regulation strategies and ways of preventing potential development of depressive simptomatology in adolescence, which is a period of many challenges and life stressors.