The Capabilities Approach proposed by Martha C. Nussbaum throughout several of her works rests upon the idea of equal respect for human dignity, which stems both from our rational and animalistic nature. It recognizes humans as vulnerable and social beings whose welfare, to an extent, depends on external forces we cannot fully control. In this thesis, I shall analyze the concept of vulnerability by looking at two approaches, proposing that both offer significant insights into its different causes. I will also discuss how being vulnerable relates to our autonomous agency and functioning within a society whose influences help shape our identities. After exploring the claims of a relational view on autonomy and the ways in which the self can be socially determined, motivated, and constituted, I will turn to the theory behind the Capabilities Approach. My aim in this thesis is to demonstrate its connection to other relevant concepts that shall be discussed and propose its theoretical framework successfully combines, as well as complements them. Therefore, I will attempt to defend Nussbaum’s version of the Capabilities Approach as a theory with promising recommendations for the creation of a decent society that is respectful of fundamental constituents of human dignity.