The paper gives a general overview of the developmental course of primary education in the People's Republic of Croatia in the period from 1945 to 1952. The period following World War II is marked by social changes, whose influence is visible in the development of Croatian primary education. In the first part of the paper, dedicated to the problems of educational infrastructure, the focus will be put on the need to build new schools, the renovation of existing ones, as well as the problems of schools' interior design in terms of the lack of furniture and teaching aids. Furthermore, in addition to displaying the role of the teacher, and the problem of their lacking expertise, the paper also provides the course of formation and operation of teachers' unions. The next section serves to gain insight into schools' curriculum, i.e. its amendments, and all through the prism of the impact of the social situation in the territory of the People's Republic of Croatia immediately following World War II. The paper gives a brief review of the educational policy of the communist authorities in terms of religion, that is, religious education in primary schools. The last part is dedicated to the politicization of education, the review of the pioneer organization's actions, and the role of political power in redefining school holidays.