| Abstract | Rad pruža sveobuhvatan pregled razvoja drag kulture, s posebnim naglaskom na američku i europsku tradiciju te njezin utjecaj na LGBTQ+ zajednicu i šire društvo. U okviru rada, razmatra se i teorija Judith Butler o performativnosti roda, koja pomaže u razumijevanju drag kulture kao subverzivnog čina koji destabilizira tradicionalne rodne norme. Rad započinje uvodom u drag
kulturu, a zatim prelazi na analizu njezinih povijesnih korijena. Obrađuje kazališne oblike poput pantomime i vodvilja, razdoblje “Pansy Craze” u SAD-u te situaciju unutar europskih gradova, Pariza i Berlina tijekom 1920-ih i 1930-ih. Opisuje se razvoj ballroom kulture unutar marginaliziranih zajednica, koja postaje temelj za moderne drag performanse i natjecanja. Drag se kultura prikazuje kao moćno sredstvo u borbi za ostvarenje svojih i LGBTQ+ prava, a svojim je aktivizmom posebno došla do izražaja tijekom “Stonewall” pobuna 1969. godine. U daljnjem razmatranju, rad se fokusira na razdoblje 1970-ih, 1980-ih i 1990-ih u SAD-u, kada uz borbe otpora, dolazi i do njezinog širenja i prelazak u mainstream zahvaljujući razvoju suvremenih
medija. Popularne emisije, poput “RuPaul's Drag Race”, značajno su pridonjele široj vidljivosti i prihvaćanju drag kulture, koja se time pretvara u globalni fenomen. Na kraju, rad analizira utjecaj društvenih platformi koje omogućuju drag kulturi da se poveže s novim generacijama diljem svijeta, prezentaciju performansa i aktivno sudjelovanje u oblikovanju društvene zajednice. U procesu stalne izgradnje i oblikovanja, drag kultura prolazi kroz burnu povijest, obilježenu periodima opadanja i rasta popularnosti, kao i suočavanje sa strogim mjerama i kažnjavanjem. Zahvaljujući upornosti drag kraljica, takvi izazovi nisu obeshrabrili drag kulturu,
već su je dodatno osnažili i potaknuli njezin daljnji razvoj i širenje, čineći je neizostavnim dijelom suvremene i društvene kulturne scene. |
| Abstract (english) | The paper provides a comprehensive overview of the development of drag culture, with special
emphasis on the American and European traditions and its impact on the LGBTQ+ community
and wider society. The work also considers Judith Butler's theory of gender performativity,
which helps to understand drag culture as a subversive act that destabilizes traditional gender
norms. The paper begins with an introduction to the drag culture and then proceeds to an analysis
of its historical roots. It covers theatrical forms such as pantomime and vaudeville, the “Pansy
Craze” period in the US, and the situation within European cities, particularly Paris and Berlin
during the 1920s and 1930s. The development of ballroom culture within marginalized
communities is described, which becomes the basis for modern drag performances and
competitions. Drag culture is portrayed as a powerful tool in the struggle for the realization of its
rights and LGBTQ+ rights and its activism especially came to the fore during the "Stonewall"
rebellions in 1969. In further consideration, the paper focuses on the period of the 1970s 1980s
and 1990s in the United States, a period marked by both resistance and the expansion of drag
culture into the mainstream, facilitated by the rise of contemporary media. Popular shows such as
“RuPaul's Drag Race” have significantly contributed to the wider visibility and acceptance of
drag culture, transforming it into a global phenomenon. Finally, the paper analyzes the impact of
social platforms that allow drag culture to connect with new generations around the world,
present performances, and actively participate in shaping the social community. In the process of
continuous construction and shaping, drag culture has gone through a turbulent history, marked
by periods of decline and resurgence, as well as facing strict measures and punishment. Thanks
to the persistence of the drag queens, such challenges have not discouraged drag culture, but
have instead strengthened and encouraged its further development and expansion, making it an
indispensable part of the contemporary social and cultural scene. |
