Considering the demands and needs of the labor market, adult education is an indispensable concept in today’s society. This means that the knowledge acquired through formal education is not enough for and individual, but it must constantly supplement it’s knowledge and acquire new skills due to competitiveness in the labor market. The subject of this research are two countries, the Republic of Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. These two countries are compared with regard to the historical development of adult education, institutions responsible for adult education, financing of adult education, programs and providers of adult education, participation of the population and barriers to participation in adult education. The aim of this thesis was to compare the system of adult education in Republic of Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina in order to observe similarities and differences and draw conclusions. Through comparative analysis, significant differences were observed in the areas of historical development of adult education, adult education institutions, legislative framework of adult education and financing of adult education. When we talk about the aspects of programs and providers of adult education and participation of the population in adult education and barriers to participation, the differences are not significant. Namely, in the field of adult education legislation and financing of adult education, the difference is significant and not satisfactory for Bosnia and Herzegovina. In both countries, additional efforts should be made to improve the quality of the adult education system. However, this statement particularly applies to Bosnia and Herzegovina, considering the situation in many areas of adult education.