This thesis explores the position of Latin America during the Cold War, analyzing how the countries of the region balanced between the influence of two superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union. The study begins with a review of the historical context after World War II, when Latin America found itself under intense pressure from global powers due to its strategic importance. The United States regarded Latin America as its "backyard" in line with the Monroe Doctrine, while the Soviet Union sought to expand its influence through support for socialist movements and revolutions. Through detailed case studies, including interventions in Guatemala, Chile, and Nicaragua, as well as the Cuban Revolution, the paper demonstrates how these powers interfered in the internal politics of Latin American countries. Special attention is given to the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962, which marked the peak of Soviet influence in the region and triggered global tensions. The paper also examines the U.S. response to these events, including CIA covert operations, military interventions, and financial support for anti-communist forces. Despite constant U.S. interventions, many Latin American countries managed to retain a degree of political autonomy, especially through participation in the Non-Aligned Movement. This movement allowed some nations to avoid full dependence on one of the blocs and seek a third way in international politics. The paper concludes that during the Cold War, Latin America represented a dynamic region that, despite external pressures, managed to position itself between two opposing global orders, ultimately paving the way for greater political and economic independence.