This thesis regards the process of evaluation of student achievement. The thesis comprises of two sections: theoretical and empirical. The first section of this thesis contains the theoretical review of evaluation and all of its fundamental components. The theoretical part firstly focuses on docimology as the science that explores the problems of examination and evaluation of knowledge. Next, the term of school docimology is explained, which regards the problems of following, assessing, measuring and evaluating educational achievement of students. Finally, the issues related to evaluation in schools including all of its components is reviewed in detail. The second section of this thesis aims to present the results of an empirical research conducted at the Primary School Mario Martinolic in Mali Lošinj. The goal of this research is to examine the students' attitudes and opinions regarding evaluation as an important part of the educational process. Evaluation represents an inevitable part of the educational process. It often results in students' dissatisfaction and decrease in motivation of students considering that, due to a number of factors, it is not strictly a reflection of students' knowledge. Hence, it is necessary to improve the process of evaluation, which is the primary reason that this thesis elaborates the process of evaluation and its various aspects.